The Implicit Cognitive Perspective in Acculturation

In this chapter, the conceptual basis for the use of the implicit cognition paradigm in the acculturation domain is discussed. In particular, it is argued that the process of acculturation occurs in conscious (explicit) modes, but also in non-conscious (implicit) modes. In addition, implicit cognitions derived from such non-conscious processes may play an important role in determining the acculturation and well-being outcomes. First, we note that most research in the acculturation domain has been conducted using surveytype measures, which may only reflect explicit processes in acculturation. We also note a developing trend in applying the implicit cognitive perspective in the study of acculturation, by specifically defining implicit psychological acculturation (Kim, Sarason, & Sarason, 2006), by showing how it may complement existing conceptual frameworks of acculturation (e.g. Berry, 2003), and demonstrating how it may provide data about the fundamental processes of acculturation which are not available to introspection. Furthermore, we speculate about changes in the pattern of explicit and implicit cognitions in reaction to contact with another culture by providing a working model of explicit and implicit culture acquisition. Second, we examine the burgeoning literature on acculturation using implicit measures on three key topics, namely, identity, parental relations, and intergroup relations. Through a brief review of extant research, we show support for our arguments, highlighting the necessity for the implicit cognitive perspective in acculturation research. In addition, we provide evidence that implicit measures have implications for both psychological and social acculturation, namely implicit psychological acculturation. Finally, the potential for future research in acculturation issues using the implicit cognition paradigm, and implications for organizations are discussed. Major themes : Intergroup relations, cultural assumptions, identity, differences, family relations Daisung Jang and Do-Yeong Kim 2